I mean, it’s a touch more complicated than that I would say. Ukraine existed BEFORE the Russian Federation, after the fall of the USSR Ukraine became a country, then Russia. Ukraine is older and with the USSR and it’s claims to the land gone, that means the “original owners” are the Ukrainian people, you’d have to go back to pre Soviet era to find the “next oldest” with the last period where Ukrainians weren’t fighting Russians for independence or occupied otherwise, the Bulgar tribes were dominant in the region and the closest thing to native peoples would be the Antes stepe tribes. The modern ethnic group most “native” to the region would be Slavs- but that is ethnic not nationalistic as native Russians and Ukrainians are predominantly Slavs once the Goths were out.
Contrasted to Palestine- the Palestinian people didn’t exist as a nation until 1988, meaning Israel as a nation occupied that land before Palestine. of course the European powers controlled the area and created Israel, but before the European powers occupied it, the region was part of the Ottoman Empire. The concept of Palestinian nationality wasn’t so much a thing as the Ottomans were an Islamic Caliphate predominantly ruled by peoples closest related to modern Turks but was made of Arabs and other groups.
That said, Judaism and Christianity pre date Islam. The land of Judea in Canaan was where Christianity and Judaism were born- Judea. It’s kinda in the name. The Romans changed the name for that exact reason it is believed, to wipe away that link. When Islam came out, the Muslim conquests began and the lands were taken by various Islamic rulers and peoples but through much of history the existing native Jewish populations lived along with Christians ans Muslims in the area, and..
Several times Jerusalem or parts of the region were taken back by Christians, Europeans, and the Huns among others. When the ottomans were defeated in WW1 and ceased to exist, the lands in the Ottoman Empire had no official recognized governments. Some fought and won independence or otherwise became self governing or were absorbed by others and some, like the area that became “Mandatory Palestine” and later where Israel came to exist, came under foreign control.
Seeing that before the lands were taken in conquest that they had belonged to the Jewish peoples originally and been occupied by the Jewish peoples, I see it it less like Ukraine and Russia and more like if the USA was defeated in WW3 and an occupying foreign power decided to give most of the land back to the Native American tribes. Of course many people would be upset. Their families may have lived on those lands for hundreds of years after they were wrongly taken from the natives. They’d lose wealth and sovereignty. So then let’s say New York State residents started blowing up tribal buildings and then the tribes saw the New Yorkers were going to do what their ancestors had done and force the natives out- but this time with claims of legitimacy since they’d been squatting in New York since it was stolen.
That said, Judaism and Christianity pre date Islam. The land of Judea in Canaan was where Christianity and Judaism were born- Judea. It’s kinda in the name. The Romans changed the name for that exact reason it is believed, to wipe away that link. When Islam came out, the Muslim conquests began and the lands were taken by various Islamic rulers and peoples but through much of history the existing native Jewish populations lived along with Christians ans Muslims in the area, and..